1 Prepare Data

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1.1 Academic Status as Moderator

Create Function how ACADEMIC STATUS moderates the relationship between controls (covariates) and indicators (outcomes)

1.1.1 Function for Interaction Model and Modelplot

1.1.2 Function for scatter plot and group comparison

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1.1.3 Function for Boxplots, because of categorical cluster variable

2 Plot relationships with moderation

Chose the variables that are in the causal chain “after” education - such as political interest. Because education probably affects these “controls” as well.

##  [1] "ResponseId"                 "academic_status"           
##  [3] "educ_cat"                   "gender"                    
##  [5] "age"                        "age10"                     
##  [7] "age_cat"                    "polinterest"               
##  [9] "polinterest_cat_3"          "empathy_pc"                
## [11] "exp_hate_speech"            "exp_hostile_engagement"    
## [13] "minority"                   "minority_cat"              
## [15] "empathy_pc_cat"             "exp_hate_speech_cat"       
## [17] "exp_hostile_engagement_cat" "text_length_abs"           
## [19] "text_length"                "readability_score"         
## [21] "cluster"                    "leftright"                 
## [23] "leftright_pred_score"       "hate_definition"           
## [25] "total_minutes"              "total_minutes_log2"

2.1 Political Interest

## Warning: `aes_string()` was deprecated in ggplot2 3.0.0.
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## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

2.2 Experience with hate speech

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

2.3 Experience with online hostile engagement

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
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## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
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## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
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## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
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## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
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## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
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## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
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## Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
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2.4 Empathy

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
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## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
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## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 314 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Warning: Removed 314 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 314 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
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## (`geom_point()`).

3 Education as Moderator

How does EDUCATION moderate the relationship between controls (covariates) and indicators (outcomes)?

3.0.1 Function for Interaction Model and Modelplot

3.0.2 Function for Scatterplot

4 Plot relationships with moderation

Chose the variables that are in the causal chain “after” education - such as political interest. Because education probably affects these “controls”.

##  [1] "ResponseId"                 "academic_status"           
##  [3] "educ_cat"                   "gender"                    
##  [5] "age"                        "age10"                     
##  [7] "age_cat"                    "polinterest"               
##  [9] "polinterest_cat_3"          "empathy_pc"                
## [11] "exp_hate_speech"            "exp_hostile_engagement"    
## [13] "minority"                   "minority_cat"              
## [15] "empathy_pc_cat"             "exp_hate_speech_cat"       
## [17] "exp_hostile_engagement_cat" "text_length_abs"           
## [19] "text_length"                "readability_score"         
## [21] "cluster"                    "leftright"                 
## [23] "leftright_pred_score"       "hate_definition"           
## [25] "total_minutes"              "total_minutes_log2"

4.1 Political Interest

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

4.2 Experience with hate speech

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

4.3 Experience with online hostile engagement

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 2 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

4.4 Empathy

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 314 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Warning: Removed 314 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 314 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 314 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).